黄玮

入学时间：2007级

答辩时间：2010年

论文题目：城市道路应急车辆信号优先控制策略研究

徐辉

入学时间：2007级

答辩时间：2010年

论文题目：公共汽车路段港湾式停靠站设置条件研究

中文摘要

摘 要

随着我国对公共交通发展的重视，如何构筑以公交优先为向导，多种交通方式和谐发展的公交系统，是我们要研究的核心问题。而随着城市道路公交车辆增加，公交车进出停靠站与相邻车道社会车辆之间的矛盾越来越突出，也是造成公交停靠站处交通堵塞的主要原因。因此，对城市道路公交停靠站研究首要的、关键的问题是如何科学、准确的确定公交停靠站通行能力以及什么情况下应当设置公交停靠站，揭示公交站点处交通拥堵的成因以及公交站点处设计通行能力与实际通行能力之间的差异具有重要的意义。

港湾式公交停靠站的设置条件涉及到道路条件与交通条件等多种因素的影响，包括有相邻车道数、公交到达率、社会车流量等。论文首先综述了国内外有关停靠站通行能力、设置位置与模式、停靠时间、停靠站泊位数等研究成果。总结了停靠站设置的类型及纵横向位置，并对公交停靠站点进行了详细的设计；然后对公交车进出停靠站的运行机理进行详细解析；最后给出了公交停靠站设置的影响因素。研究中综合利用交通工程理论、概率论及数理统计和计算机仿真等方法对问题进行解析和验证，以期推动和完善公交停靠站设置的理论体系。

论文先以公交停靠站通行能力研究为基础，进而研究相邻车道在不同车道数情况下的通行能力情况。因此，公交停靠站通行能力是研究停靠站设置的前提。首先给出了停靠站通行能力的影响因素，从而建立公交停靠站泊位通行能力模型；根据车辆到达方式以及停靠站泊位数的影响得出多泊位利用率值，从而建立公交停靠站车辆通行能力模型；然后通过VISSIM仿真给出了不同道路与交通条件下直线式与港湾式停靠站通行能力变化值。

单车道港湾式公交停靠站设置条件：从定性分析与定量计算两方面研究了单车道单行道情况下设置港湾式公交停靠站的条件。论文建立了基于公交进出站影响时间对道路通行能力的折减率模型；然后分别研究直线式、港湾式公交停靠站作为港湾式公交停靠站设置下限条件、上限条件，并建立了基于公交停靠站通行能力、公交出站延误等约束的设置条件模型；最后通过仿真对模型进行了检验。在此基础上，给出了不同公交到达率下的港湾式公交停靠站设置范围值。

多车道港湾式公交停靠站设置条件：分析了公交停靠站对多车道的影响情况，选取单向两车道为例进行研究。定性分析了多车道情况下公交进出站特性及对外侧车道的影响；然后建立了公交进出站影响时间模型，并给出了直线式、港湾式公交排队无溢出、港湾式公交排队溢出三种情况下设置港湾式公交停靠站的条件模型；最后通过仿真对模型进行检验，并对结果进行分析。在此基础上，给出了不同公交到达率下三种情况的港湾式公交停靠站设置范围值。

论文主要从微观层面对港湾式公交中途停靠站单车道与多车道情况下设置条件展开研究。论文的创新点主要包括：(1)深入分析公交进出停靠站运行特性，运用排队论知识解析公交进出停靠站的运行规律及延误时间，建立了符合我国公交的上下车时间模型。(2)建立了公交停靠站泊位以及站点通行能力模型，并给出不同组合条件下单泊位公交停靠站通行能力值。(3)提出了单向单车道、双向四车道直线式、港湾式公交排队无溢出、港湾式公交排队有溢出设置港湾式公交停靠站模型，并给出了设置条件的方法。(4)给出了不同公交到达率条件下(20vhe/h、30vhe/h、60vhe/h)具体设置港湾式公交停靠站的上下限范围值。

关键词：交通工程；公共交通；设置条件；交通流理论；公交停靠站；交通仿真

英文摘要

ABSTRACT

As the emphasis on the development of public transport, we need to study the core problem with public transport system, which is how to build the wizard of public transport priority and the harmonious development of a variety of modes. Howere, the bus number has increased. When the bus goes in and out of the bus stop, the conflicts between the buses and adjacent vehicles become more and more serious, and it is also the main reason causing traffic congestion at the bus stop. So the most important research on the load of the bus stop is how to calculate the capacity of the bus stop and define the setting conditions at bus stop. To show the reasons of traffic congestion and the differences between the design and actual capacity at the bus stop are very significant.

Setting conditions of bus bay stop are related to many factors of road conditions and traffic conditions, including the adjacent lanes, bus arriving rate, traffic flow and so on. The paper had overviews of bus stop cacacity, setting positions and patterms, dwell time, number of berths and so on. Summarizing the setting types and vertical and horizontal positions, and bus stop was detailed design; then the operation mechanism was detailed analysis when bus went in and out of the bus stop; at last the simulation factors of setting bus stop were given out. Meanwhile, some theories are referred in order to motivate the improvement of the setting bus stop theory, such as traffic engineering, probability and statistics, simulation, etc.

Research of bus stop capacity is the basis, then the capacities of the adjacent lanes were studied in different lanes. So capacity is a premise of bus stop setting. Firstly, the influence factors of bus stop capacity are given to establish the bus stop berth capacity model. A multi-berth capacity utilization ratio is derived from the forms of the arrived vehicle and the effected stop berth numbers, and the bus stop capacity model can be formulated. Then through the VISSIM simulation, the capacity changes of linear stop and bus bay stop under different road and traffic conditions are simulated.

Setting conditions of bus bay stop with single driveway: By means of qualitative and quantitative analysis, the setting conditions were given with single lane and one way street. influence time models of mobile lane were established separately, including linear bus stops and bus bay stops. Then, considered the delay of bus moving out of bus stop and service intensity as the constraint conditions, capacity calculation models and setting conditions models were worked out. At last, by simulation experiment and model calculation, the results were comparative analysis and the adaptability of models were checked out, also the ranges of capacity were given in different bus arriving rates.

Setting conditions of bus bay stop with multi-lane:Aimed at the capacity reduction factor of outside lane when buses move in and out of the linear bus stops and bus bay stops, using the related results of queuing theory and gap acceptance theory, influence time models to outside lane were established separately, including linear bus stops, bus bay stops with no overflow and bus bay stops with overflow. Then, setting condition models of bus bay stop are given. At last, by simulation experiment and model calculation, the results were analysis. Furthermore, the setting ranges of capacity were given in different bus arriving rates.

The paper focused on setting conditions of mid-block bus bay stop with single lane and multi-lane. The innovations in the dissertation include following four parts. (1) Vehicleoperationalcharacteristicswere deep analysis atbusstop,using the related results of queuing theory,the operation rules and delaywereresolved, the boarding and alighting time models were established. (2) The capacity models of the single berth and the bus stop were established, andcapacities of thesingle berthwere given in different combination conditions. (3) The setting condition models of bus bay stop were given with the single lane and multi-lane. (4) The ranges of capacity were given in different bus arriving rates, such as20vhe/h, 30vhe/h and 60vhe/h.

Key words:traffic engineering; public transport; setting conditions; traffic flow theory; bus stop; traffic simulation

许建

入学时间：2007级

答辩时间：2010年

论文题目：信号控制交叉口自行车通行能力研究

中文摘要

摘要

自行车交通是我国城市道路交通的重要组成部分，妥善处理自行车交通问题，一方面可以为自行车提供更加舒适的通行环境，对进一步加强自行车在我国交通系统中的重要地位、实现城市与交通的可持续发展具有重要意义；另一方面，使机动车免受或少受混行交通的影响，为其提供更通畅的运行环境。由于交叉口是城市交通网络中的关键点、瓶颈点，因此要处理自行车交通问题，在很大程度上是要合理解决自行车在交叉口处的过街问题。如何使自行车在交叉口内部的运行更有序、更高效、更安全，已经成为交叉口设计与管理工作中的重要内容。信号控制交叉口自行车通行能力作为一项基础性研究，必将为交叉口自行车过街问题的处理提供有力的理论依据。

论文主要针对现有交叉口自行车通行能力理论及方法在考察断面及影响因素方面的局限性，在对相关研究结果进行综述的基础上，确定将交叉口设计模式作为自行车通行能力的重要影响因素，将研究的焦点从自行车进口道停车线，拓展到自行车通过交叉口的全过程，研究不同交叉口设计模式的自行车通行能力。研究中综合利用交通工程理论、概率论、数理统计及运筹学等方法对问题进行解析与建模，以期推动与完善通行能力理论体系。

论文首先从研究自行车交通流三参数（密度、速度、流率）在交叉口内部的空间分布特征出发，研究调查方法并解释各自的分布规律；随后，从建模的基本思想入手，并基于前述调查结果，对比了交叉口自行车通行能力的两类经典计算方法，分析了二者的不足，明确了研究方向，为后文研究奠定了基础。

总结了两类自行车交叉口过街处理方式，一类为常规过街方式，一类为左转自行车二次过街方式。对于常规过街方式，论文通过运行分析，将交叉口内部与自行车相关的冲突区域分成三类；对三类冲突区域分别建立了通行能力计算模型，并利用交叉口实测数据进行模型验证；通过案例揭示自行车通行能力、机动车通行能力随影响因素的变化趋势；总结了常规过街方式下四类典型交叉口设计模式的自行车通行能力、受自行车影响的机动车通行能力计算方法。

对于左转自行车二次过街方式，归纳了常见的两类设计模式，分别对每一类设计模式的自行车与机动车运行过程进行分析；在掌握各自运行特点及通行能力约束条件的基础上，建立数学模型，得到自行车通行能力与机动车通行能力；给出了算例，验证了模型的可用性。

最后，论文通过案例，对常规过街方式下的四类典型交叉口设计模式、左转二次过街方式下的两类设计模式、常规过街方式的“专右车道+左转保护相位”与左转二次过街方式的设计模式A等四组进行了通行能力比较。每一组的比较均围绕自行车通行能力与受自行车影响的机动车通行能力展开，也给出了适应性分析及建议。

关键词：交通工程，通行能力，理论解析，自行车交通，信号控制交叉口

英文摘要

ABSTRACT

InChina, bicycles traffic is an important component of urban traffic. Handling bicycle traffic problem properly, not only provide more convenient running environment for bicycle, Which means a lot to strengthening the important position of bicycles in urban transportation system, and realizing sustainable development of both city and transportation, but also provide more clear running environment ensuring motor vehicles against suffering from mixed traffic.Because intersections are the key points and bottlenecks in urban traffic network, to deal with bicycle traffic problems is largely to solve the problem of bicycles crossing intersections. How to How to organize bicycles to run more orderly and efficient, and safer in intersections has been a main content in intersection design and management.As a basic study, Bicycle capacity of signalized intersection can provide theoretical basis for handling bicycles crossing intersection problems.

Against the limitations of the existing researches on bicycle capacity of signalized intersection, the paper identified the design pattern of intersection as an important influencing factor, by relocating the focus of study from stop line of bicycle approach to the whole process of bicycles crossing the intersection. Bicycle capacity of intersections with different design patterns is studied. Meanwhile, some theory and methods, such as traffic engineering, probability, statistics and operations research, are put into comprehensive use to analyze the problems and establish mathematical models, in order promote and improve theoretical systems of capacity.

Firstly the paper explored the characteristics of spatial distribution of density, velocity, rate of bicycle traffic flow in the intersection, including survey methods and distribution patterns. Then, two classical methods for calculating bicycle capacity of signalized intersection are compared and deficiencies of these two methods are also analyzed. As a result, the study direction is determined, which lays foundation for the following study.

According to the modes with which bicycles cross street, signalized intersection is divided into two categories：intersections where left-turning bicycles cross within one phase, and intersections where left-turning bicycle cross within two phases. For the former, these kinds of conflict zones are classified, with capacity calculating models established respectively and models validated using data. Moreover, the cases are given to illustrate the trend of bicycle capacity and the affected vehicle capacity. Finally, capacity calculation methods for both bicycles and vehicles in intersections of four classical design patterns are summarized.

For intersections where left-turning bicycle cross within two phases, there are two design patterns. The mathematical models are established respectively to obtain bicycle and vehicle capacity, with the characteristics of bicycle crossing the intersections analyzed and restraints for capacity identified. Finally, cases are given to verify the availability of these models.

In the last part of this paper, by using cases, comparisons on capacity of four groups are done, including four design patterns of signalized intersection of the first kind, two design patterns of signalized intersection of the second kind, the first design patterns of signalized intersections of both the first kind and the second kind. For each group, bicycle capacity and the affected vehicle capacity are compared, followed by adaptability analysis and suggestions.

Key Words:Traffic engineering, capacity, theory analysis, bicycle traffic, signalized intersection

於瑞松

入学时间：2007级

答辩时间：2010年

论文题目：考虑信息作用的非通勤出行停车选择行为研究

中文摘要

摘要

从出行者的停车选择行为角度考察停车需求的产生机理是研究停车问题的重要途径。本文重点考察了非通勤驾车者在出行前和出行途中的停车选择行为，研究了提供信息与否其停车选择行为的描述。

论文首先研究了无信息条件下非通勤出行驾驶员的停车选择行为。通过对驾驶员的停车选择过程进行解析，将驾驶员分为熟悉停车设施的驾驶员和不熟悉停车设施的驾驶员；按照出行所处的不同阶段，将停车选择行为分为出行前的停车选择行为和目的地区域停车泊位搜寻行为。首先对无信息条件下的出行前停车选择行为进行了研究。考虑了停车设施、出行者特征和出行特征等因素对停车选择行为的影响，采用多项Logit模型描述这一停车选择行为。然后，以上海市五角场地区的停车行为调查为例，对模型进行了标定及分析。标定结果表明，步行距离和同行人数对停车选择行为影响显著，而停车费用却无较大影响，这可能与研究区域停车收费价格较为接近有关。

其次，论文研究了无信息条件下目的地区域停车泊位搜寻行为。以路内停车、路外停车场停车和违章停车作为泊位搜寻时的可选方案，分别确定各选择方案的停车成本。以一个小型路网为例，分别比较路内停车与路外停车、违章停车的成本，分析并确定临界停车搜寻时间。研究发现，在不同的路内、路外停车定价和违章停车执法强度条件下，出行人数、时间价值、停车时间等因素对临界搜寻时间具有不同程度的影响。

最后，文章研究了提供连续、实时、准确的停车信息条件下停车选择行为的变化。通过将出行者的重新分类，分别研究出行前的停车选择行为和出行途中的停车选择行为。提出了临界决策时间点作为出行途中的停车选择的决策地点。驾驶员根据获得的实时停车信息，结合其出行特征，对目标停车场的泊位拥挤状态进行预测，对目标停车场的效用进行评价。

关键词：停车选择，停车搜寻，非通勤出行，停车信息，非集计模型

英文摘要

ABSTRACT

One of the most important approaches to investigate the generation of parking demand is to study the parking choice behavior of the drivers, which also has been noticed by many scholars home and abroad. This thesis is based on the research achievements of these scholars and focuses on the parking choice behavior of non-commuting drivers, including pre-trip period and en-route period. This thesis also concerns with the change of the parking choice behavior with/without parking information.

The parking choice behavior of the non-commuting drivers without parking information is discussed in the first. Through the analysis of the process of parking choice behavior, drivers are divided into familiar drivers and non-familiar drivers. According to the different travel periods, the parking choice behavior is divided into pre-trip choice and parking search within the destination area. Based on this analysis, the research studies the pre-trip parking choice without parking information. After analyzing the influencing factors from the aspects of parking facilities, drivers and trips respectively, a Multinomial Logit (ML) model is proposed to describe such parking behavior. Then, an investigation in Wujiaochang District, Shanghai is put forward as a case study. The parameters of the model are calculated through the data collected during the investigation. The result shows that, the model precision is quite good. Besides, under the research condition, walking distance and the number of people traveling together have significant influence on the parking choice behavior, while the parking fees has little impact as a result of the highly closeness of their parking pricing.

Afterwards, the thesis studies the parking choice behavior during the parking search period without parking information. Curb parking, off-street parking and illegal parking are proposed as the only three parking options during this period. The parking costs of these three options are then calculated respectively. The case study is set in an imaginary small network, in which the costs of curb parking and off-street parking as well as illegal parking are compared, in order to study the key factor of parking search behavior, which is the critical parking search time. The result reveals that factors like the number of people traveling together, time value and parking duration and so on influence the critical parking search time at different levels under the different situation of different pricing of curb parking and off-street parking as well as different enforcement of illegal parking.

Based on the research of the parking choice behavior of non-commuting travel without parking information, the thesis studies the change of parking choice behavior of drivers when they are provided with continuous, real-time and accurate parking information. After a reclassification of the drivers, the parking choice behavior during the pre-trip period and en-route period are studied separately. During the research of en-route parking choice behavior, a critical decision-making point is proposed as the beginning point when a driver starts making parking choice. Drivers try to predict the parking status of parking facilities according to the real-time parking information, combined with his location. An evaluation is then made to evaluate the target parking facilities. Finally, several situations when drivers could reevaluate the decision are discussed.

Key Words：Parking choice, parking search, non-commuting travel, parking information, discrete choice model