黄灿彬

入学时间：2004级

答辩时间：2007年

论文题目：BRT调度决策支持技术研究

中文摘要

摘要

BRT是先进的公共交通系统的重要组成部分，发展BRT是解决城市交通问题的主要途径。调度管理系统是BRT系统的核心功能，是提升BRT系统的运营效率，提高BRT系统服务水平的重要手段。

本论文通过论述国内外公交调度理论和方法发展状况，结合国内公共汽车主要特点,特别是BRT，确定以BRT调度管理及其专家系统作为论文的研究重点。

论文首先面向需求，确定了BRT运营管理系统功能和框架体系。BRT调度系统是整个运营管理系统的核心部分，在其基础上进一步建立了调度系统结构，特别针对BRT常态和异常态条件下调度问题，建立了调度逻辑结构，为建设BRT运营管理系统奠定了基础。

面向常态调度问题，分析研究了BRT系统的各种可能调度方法及其适用性。以企业运营支出和乘客出行支出的总和最小为优化目标，建立了BRT调度优化模型，并进行解析研究，利用遗传算法对模型进行求解，案例研究表明模型具有很好的适用性。

面向异常态调度问题，分析研究了BRT在运营中所发生的异常事件及异常调度方法，按照异常事件和异常调度的内容，将异常事件分成：一般异常、严重异常、车次异常、大间隔、客流量异常等五类，分别建立相应的调度预案。为提高调用预案的效率，论文对预案的分类、预案的编制和预案的管理进行了深入分析。基于专家系统的原理，建立了BRT调度专家系统的工作原理和系统结构，并对调度专家系统的推理机制进行了深入研究，提出了BRT调度专家系统二级推理机制。最后利用案例，演示BRT调度专家系统的推理机制。

本论文的研究成果为BRT车辆调度优化，建立BRT调度专家系统提供了理论和技术支持，对于方兴未艾的BRT建立运营管理系统有着重要的应用价值。

关键词：BRT 调度优化、异常事件调度、专家系统

英文摘要

ABSTRACT

BRT, as an important part of advanced public transportation system, is a primary approach to solve urban transportation problems. Dispatch management system, the core function in BRT is vital to improve the operation efficiency and service of the system.

Considering the demand, this article first defines the configuration and function of BRT operation system. Since BRT dispatch system is core part of the whole operation system, the framework of dispatch system is based on the structure of the whole operation system. In particular, it has established logic structure of BRT dispatch under normal and abnormal circumstances which set sound foundation for BRT operation system.

Turning first to dispatch under normal circumstance, the article analyzes possible dispatch approaches and their applicability. To achieve the goal of minimizing the sum of operation cost and passengers’ traveling expenses, it establishes optimal mode of BRT dispatch project, while developing genetic algorithm for its solution. Some case studies demonstrate that it is applicable.

In face of dispatch under abnormal circumstance, the article researches on abnormal cases and their dispatch methods in BRT operation. The abnormal cases can be classified into regular abnormity, severe abnormity and abnormity on vehicle, interval and passenger volume which need correspondent dispatch projects. The article also studies on classification, weave and management of dispatch projects to increase the efficiency of these projects. Based on the principle of expert system, it establishes the principles and structure of BRT dispatch expert system and puts forward secondary reasoning mechanism of the system. Finally, the author uses some examples to show the reasoning mechanism of BRT dispatch expert system.

This article provides theoretic and technological supports to optimize BRT dispatch projects and establish BRT dispatch expert system. It also has important applicable values on establishing BRT operation system.

Key Words: BRT optimization of dispatch dispatch of abnormal case

expert system

赵新

入学时间：2004级

答辩时间：2007年

论文题目：城市公交线路规模优化方法研究

中文摘要

摘要

随着我国城市的规模不断扩张，居民的活动范围也日益增大，出行时空分布高度集中，只有依靠公共交通系统提供容量大、距离长、速度高的公交服务才能满足出行需求。然而城市道路设施和公交系统资源都是有限的，多复线、少换乘、一味追求直达率的粗犷式线路规模已不再适应城市交通可持续发展的需求。针对这种情况，本文从优化常规公交线路规模入手，立足于我国城市发展中遇到的公交问题与迫切要求，以线路规模的合理性和科学性为切入点，研究了公交线路规模优化过程中的若干问题与对策。

线路规模是每条公交线路铺设前必须明确的问题，不仅对于公交线路规模内部要素的设计具有先决性的影响，也能为公交线网规划带来重要借鉴意义。本文宏观分析了公交线网规划设计体系，改善了规划-调整-布设的传统流程，填补了线网规划调整与线路设计之间的落差，在公交线路走向确定的条件下，研究单条线路规模的优化配置方法，通过优化线路规模指导线路设计，使单条线路的铺设方案更具有可操作性。

本文首先利用系统类比方法对公交线路的等级进行深层次分析，按照功能定位将公交线路划分为干线、主线、辅线及支线四个等级，提出了单条线路在规模范畴内的定义，以客流需求、线路长度、站点设置以及配车数量等内部因素界定公交线路的规模，同时分析了用地布局、路网结构以及沿线人口分布与收入水平等外部因素的影响，并建立了核心指标的数学模型。利用跟车调查方法观测各公交站点的上下客流量，用结构化算法推算出站点之间的客流OD，调查与计算简便，结果精度高，把规模优化对客流的影响反馈到优化流程中，使线路规模的确定更具备合理性。

文章介绍了公交线路规模的优化目标与指导原则，系统分析了优化函数的约束条件，改善了按主观经验随机选取规模的不科学性。在各因素数学模型的基础上提出了公交线路规模优化的一整套优化流程，方法中首次提出利用公交时钟坐标来描述线路规模，引入了公交链路方案并加以应用，提倡以人为本的无缝换乘理念，推进零换乘以及联票制等便捷的公交方式发展。通过实际线路演示线路最佳规模优化方法，分析了具体线路规模的影响因素，借助EMME2软件统计OD量并剖析线路断面流量特征，通过实际约束检验对需要调整的指标不断回溯修正，直至优化方案符合线路布设的实际条件。最终通过三方面指标改善程度的评价，证明零换乘、联票制以及公交链路等规模优化措施能够形成乘客、企业、社会等多方共赢。

目前国内许多城市尚未达到轨道或者快速公交系统的建设标准，也无力承担其过于高昂的建设费用，因此合理确定常规公交线路规模，切实提高服务水平，在当前是很有实际意义的。

关键词：公交线路，线路规模，规模优化，公交链路，公交时钟

英文摘要

ABSTRACT

With the increasingly city scale’s expanding inChina, the territory of city denizens is also expanding, and the distributing of travelling space-time is highly centralized. Only public transportion system can satisfy this kind of demand by its big capability, long distance and high speed. However, city roads and public transportaion resourses are limited.The former rough bus line’s scale with more overlap, less change, only for throughness has no longer fitted the demand of city’s sustainable development. Aiming at this condition, the paper mainly researches the reason, the rationality, the countermeasure and the optimization of bus line’s scale on the base of public transportation problems and insistent demand in the course of city development.

Bus line’s scale must be confirmed before designing a line.It not only makes determinative influence on a line’s interior element design and also has great significance in bus network plan.The paper analyses the system of bus network plan grandly, improves the traditional flow of plan- adjust-design and makes up the gap between the network plan and bus line design. The paper studies the optimization method of a single line’s scale under the condition of fixed ruote through which guides the line’s design and makes it more feasible.

The paper firstly deeply analyses hiberarchy of bus lines with system analogy and compartmentalizes it by four classes of trunk line, main line, accessorial line and lateral as their function orientation. The paper presents the definition of a single bus line in scale category, and defines bus line’s scale by four interior factors: demand of passengers, length of bus line, layout of stops and amount of buses.The paper also analyses the influence of exterior factors such as layout of city, structure of road network, distributing of population and income level, and establishes mathematic model of kernel indexes. The on and off volume at stops are observed by bus following method, and the OD matrix of stops is calculated by a kind of structural arithmetic.The investigation and arithmetic method are both simple,with high precision.The scale optimization’s influence on passenger volume is feed back to the optimization course which makes the confirm of line’s scale more reasonable.

Then this paper primarily introduces the optimization objective and guiding principle, and analyzes the restriction of the optimization function systemly which rectifiies the unscientification of subjective experience method.On the base of each factor’s model, the paper advances a set of optimization flow for line’s scale.The paper presents the conception of bus chain and bus clock and applies then for the first time in order to advocate the development of change without gap and jointed ticket.The optimization method is demostrated through practical project with the help of software EMME2,and revises the illogical indexes by the test of restriction until the optimization result fits the practical condition of the line’s design.Finally, the paper evaluates the degree of optimization on passenger, corporation and society which proves the measures of zero-change,jionted-ticket and bus link can benefit the three side.

At present, many cites haven’t achieved the construct standard of railway or rapid transit system and also cann’t afford their excessively expensive construct cost.So it’s of great practical significance to determine bus line’s scale reasonablely and improve its service level actualy.

Key Words:bus line, scale of bus line, optimization of scale, bus chain, bus clock

付晶燕

入学时间：2004级

答辩时间：2007年

论文题目：快速公交系统站点布局优化与设计方法研究

中文摘要

摘要

快速公交系统（以下简称BRT）站点作为BRT系统重要的组成部分，决定着BRT的运输能力与运营效率。我国目前还处于BRT发展的起步阶段，对BRT站点的相关研究还鲜有涉及。在还未大规模兴建BRT网络之前，对适合我国国情的BRT站点布局优化与设计方法做前瞻性、整体性的研究十分必要。

本文以“十五”国家科技攻关课题——“公交专用道信号优先策略与技术研究”为依托，从中、微观层面对BRT站点布局与设计理论和方法两方面展开研究，取得了一系列创新性成果。

首先总结研究了国内外BRT规划建设现状，对国内外BRT系统、站点布局、站点设计的理论研究成果进行了全面综述，指出了目前在BRT站点布局和设计研究方面存在的不足，明确了本文的研究方向；在分析BRT站点交通需求特性的基础上，提出了BRT站点在布局和设计方面的关键理论与技术，确定了本文的研究内容。

BRT站点布局研究方面，立足于中观层面，基于BRT乘客出行站数的概率分布建立了BRT站距的优化模型，并分析了该模型的部分参变量与最优站距的关系；立足于微观层面，建立了BRT站点设置在交叉口进口道和出口道两种情况下的车辆延误和排队长度模型，改进了站点布设位置的定量评价。

BRT站点设计研究方面，研究了三个关键理论问题：在分析BRT车站通行能力影响因素的基础上，首次结合仿真方法完善了BRT车站通行能力计算方法；通过分析BRT车辆进站的物理过程及乘客在站台活动的交通特征，建立了BRT车站泊位数计算模型，并量化了站台长度和宽度的确定；系统地总结了BRT站点与其它交通方式的换乘衔接模式及其要素。

最后在总结研究结论的基础上，指出了本文的创新之处，并提出了有待深入研究的内容。

本论文初步形成了BRT站点布局和设计相关理论和方法体系，解决了站距优化、站点最佳布设位置确定、通行能力计算、几何尺寸设计及换乘衔接设计等关键技术。论文的研究成果为国内城市开展的BRT规划和设计提供了理论依据和方法指导。

英文摘要

Abstract

As one of the most crucial components for Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), properly designed BRT stop can significantly improve the capacity and efficiency of the entire system. However, few researches have been done to address research of BRT which are applicable inChina. That shows it is very necessary to carry out the insightful and integrative research about issues of optimization layout and design for BRT stop.

The dissertation is mainly based on the research achievements of the Key Science-Technology Project of the National “Tenth Five-Year-Plan”. The dissertation has carried out the study on the layout and design theory of BRT stop from mesoscopic level and microscopic level. A series of creative research achievements have been fulfilled in some aspects.

Firstly, this thesis made a systematic literature review of the studies within the area of BRT, stop layout and design. Deficiencies and potential improvements for previous researches were presented. Based on the above analyses, the main study issues were put forward. Through the analysis of traffic characteristics of BRT stop, critical research methodologies and techniques of layout and design for BRT stop were proposed.

In the area of BRT stop layout, this study addressed the optimal stop layout problem from the perspective of two levels. At the mesoscopic level, this research developed an optimal BRT stop spacing model based on the probabilistic distribution of the trip across different stops, and the interrelations between those affecting factors and the optimal stop spacing were fully investigated. At the microscopic level, this study proposed the delay and queuing models for the BRT stops when located on the nearside and farside. The quantitative approach for evaluating the BRT stop location was also improved in this research.

In the area of BRT stop design, three key theoretical issues were detailed in this study. A simulation-based BRT stop capacity model was presented first with the consideration of all the potential affecting factors. Then, based on the analyses of the physical characteristics of vehicles and the interactions between passengers, a BRT berth estimation model was developed and the width and length design of stop were quantified. Finally, this research made a systematically summary of the transfer patterns between the BRT stops and other transportation modes.

In the end, conclusions were drawn and critical contributions as well as future researches were given.

This dissertation is focused to provide theoretical as well as practical decision tools for public transportation agencies in China in terms of the following key technical aspects of the BRT stop: stop spacing optimization, location optimization, stop capacity, geometry design and transfer management.

Key Words:Bus Rapid Transit, Stop, Stop Spacing, Stop Location, Stop Capacity, Optimization Design, Transfer

聂磊

入学时间：2004级

答辩时间：2007年

论文题目：考虑实时交通流状态反馈的交叉口信号控制方法研究

中文摘要

摘要

道路交通控制的出现已经有100多年的历史，控制策略从离线控制策略到实时自适应控制策略，国外已经研究很多，但是随着反馈控制理论、通信技术、计算机技术的快速发展，促使我们要从中国混合交通流特性出发，对基于ITS环境下的城市交通控制问题重新审视。

从本质上讲，交通流的随机特性决定城市交通信号控制必须是动态的。定时控制及基于多时段的控制系统无法对短时间内交通状态的变化做出快速有效的反应，而且修建或者改善道路设施，例如增加车道以增加通行能力，耗资巨大，并且很多情况是无法实现的，所以开发能够快速高效响应实时交通流状态的反馈控制系统成为提高交通系统效率的一个重要途径。

由于交通流的动态性与复杂性，用以往单纯的交通工程理论和单纯的自动控制理论研究交通控制问题是不适用的，所以本研究整合交通工程理论和反馈控制理论，把反馈控制中“有错就改”的机制借鉴到交通控制理论中来，保证交通信号控制的鲁棒性。由于单个交叉口是交通信号控制系统的最小单元，单个路口的反馈控制方法是整个控制系统开发的基础，所以本文主要针对单个路口的反馈控制理论问题做深入研究和探讨。

文章首先综述单点定时信号控制方法、单点感应信号控制方法、单点自适应信号控制基本方法和技术，并总结已有研究存在的主要问题和未来发展趋势。

然后建立了单点定时信号相序优化模型和基于信号灯组的定时控制优化模型，提出了交通状态采集方式，随后建立了单车道实时排队模型和车流排队模型，并通过VISSIM仿真验证，最后制定了单点反馈控制策略与逻辑，使用VISSIM和VAP对定时控制、感应控制、反馈控制三类控制策略进行仿真评价，根据仿真结果，验证本文提出的实时排队估计模型和反馈控制策略的可行性和高效性。

其次，在反馈控制理论的基础上，提出了单点实时反馈软件数据结构、数据库、优化模块、数据分析与统计模块的设计和实现方法，为开发具有我国自主知识产权的新一代城市交通控制系统奠定理论基础。

最后，总结论文的研究成果和创新点，对有待进一步的研究问题简要分析，并提出研究展望。

关键词：交叉口，反馈控制，交通流状态，排队估计，交通仿真

英文摘要

ABSTRACT

The history of road traffic control is already more than 100 years. There are many research results from pre-timed control strategy to real-time adaptive traffic control strategy in overseas. But, with the development of feedback control, communication and computer technology, urban traffic control based on the ITS environment should be studied thoroughly.

In nature, the random effects of urban road traffic are unpredictable. Time-based signal control system is not capable of responding effectively to short-term changes in traffic demand. The maintenance of such systems is resource intensive. Furthermore, modifications to current to current infrastructure, such as lane additions, to increase capacity are very expensive and often not possible. So the advanced traffic feedback control system that responses in real-time to change traffic demands plays a key role in improving the efficiency of traffic system.

It is not available to study traffic control problem only using traffic engineering theory or automatic control theory. Because traffic flow are dynamic and complex, this research integrates traffic engineering theory and feedback control theory based on the mechanism of "has the mistake to change" in order to guarantee the maneuverability and robustness in traffic control system. Because an isolated intersection is the smallest unit in traffic signal control system, feedback control for isolated intersection is the foundation of urban traffic control system. So the feedback control for isolated intersection is the main research object in this dissertation.

This paper firstly reviews several representative control strategies for isolated intersectin including pre-timed control strategies, vehicle activated control strategies and adaptive control strategies. Then the main problems with the state-of-the-art of adaptive control strategies are put forward.

Secondly, the phase sequence optimization model and the optimization model of pre-timed signal at isolated intersection are established. The real-time queue length estimated model at signalized intersection and feedback control strategy are put forward. According to the simulation result of VISSIM, those models are available and efficient.

Thirdly, the design and the implementation of data structure, database, optimization module, data analysis and statistic module for urban isolated intersection real-time feedback control software is described in the paper. It is the foundation of developing new generation of urban traffic control system with independent intellectual property rights.

In the finality, the originality and the problems requiring further studies are discussed.

Key Words:intersection, feedback control, traffic flow state, queue estate, traffic simulation

潘玉琪

入学时间：2004级

答辩时间：2007年

论文题目：WSN在智能公交系统中的应用及其关键技术研究

中文摘要

摘要

智能公交系统(Advanced Public Transportation System, APTS)主要实现对公交车辆动态监控、实时调度、科学管理等功能，从而达到提高公交服务水平的目的，使公交成为更具吸引力的交通方式。公交信息采集与传输则是实施、运行APTS的基础。无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Networks, WSN)是一种新兴的网络，其在数据采集、短距离无线通信以及数据处理等方面的功能特点引起各工程领域的广泛兴趣。本文基于APTS信息需求，对WSN在APTS中的应用进行了较深入的研究。

本研究以国家“十五”科技攻关课题《公交专用道信号优先策略与技术研究》为依托，依据相关成果撰写而成。论文拓展了WSN的应用领域，致力于解决APTS发展过程中面临的问题，取得了一系列创新性成果。主要研究内容是：

（1）全面综述了APTS与WSN的国内外研究现状和发展趋势，总结了信息技术对于APTS的基础性作用，分析了我国发展APTS在信息层面面临的困难，结合WSN自身功能与技术性能特点，提出了将WSN应用于APTS的方案；

（2）从交通的视角，分析了APTS的信息内容需求；从通信的视角，分析了APTS的信息技术要求。并以上海市各公交系统使用的信息采集与传输技术为参照，将WSN与之进行了对比，得出WSN较优可应用于APTS的结论；

（3）着重展开WSN在公交优先控制中的应用研究，针对公交信号优先控制算法提出需求分析，并构建起用WSN实现信息采集传输的原型系统；

（4）进行在APTS背景下的WSN车辆定位、传输以及网络性能仿真等三项关键技术的研究，首次提出了基于群的分布式车辆定位算法，设计了基于ZigBee技术的公交车辆定位信息传输系统的硬件与软件架构，并首次将通信网络仿真手段引入交通领域，对前文建立的系统进行网络整体性能的评价与优化。

本论文的研究成果可为建立我国WSN在APTS中的应用系统提供工程层面的理论支持。论文初步构建的若干智能公交子系统中以WSN为核心技术的信息采集与传输系统，在特定应用背景下解决了定位、传输、网络性能优化等关键技术，为进一步开发有我国自主知识产权的WSN在交通领域的应用系统提供了一定的理论和方法指导。

关键词：无线传感器网络，智能公交系统，公交信号优先控制，关键技术

英文摘要

Abstract

The main functions of Advanced Public Transportation System (APTS) are buses dynamic monitoring, real-time dispatching and scientific management etc. It shoots for a higher public transport service level to attract more passengers. Data collection and transmission subsystem is the basis to realize and operate APTS. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is a new kind of networks, which has many functions, such as data collection, wireless communication over short distance and data processing etc. Based on the information requests, the author investigated the application of WSN in APTS.

The dissertation is mainly based on the achievement of APTS project that isResearch on the Strategy and Technology of Transit Signal Priority along Bus Exclusive Lanesupported by the Key Science-Technology Project of the National 'Tenth Five-Year-Plan' ofChina. The research explored the application area of WSN, worked at the problems during APTS’ developing, and fulfilled a series of creative research achievements. The main contents are as follows.

1. The overall research actuality of APTS and WSN was summarized. Then the author presented the foundational role that the information technology (IT) plays in APTS, analyzed the difficulties during APTS’ developing at the IT aspect, and put forward the application plan of WSN with its own conditions.

2. From the viewpoint of transport, the dissertation analyzed the information content which the APTS needs. Correspondingly, the technological requests were summed up from the viewpoint of communication. Then WSN was compared with the information technologies which are used in public transport systems in Shanghai. The conclusion that WSN can be used in APTS was drawn.

3. The dissertation put the main emphasis on the application of WSN in Bus Signal Priority (BSP). The requests were concluded according to the BSP algorithm. A primary system which uses WSN to collect and transmit data was constructed.

4. After the study on key technologies was finished, a new distributed algorithm of bus localization based on the cluster was presented, a primary system which transmits positioning data based on ZigBee was found, and the overall network performance evaluation was made by means of telecommunication simulation tool creatively.

The research results of the dissertation provided theoretical supports on the system engineering level for applying WSN to APTS inChina. It also basically formed several information systems with the use of WSN in APTS subsystems, solved a few of key technological problems, providing theoretical and methodological guidance for the future development ofChina’s own application systm of WSN in the field of transportation.

Key words:WSN, APTS, BSP, Key Techniques

汪涛

入学时间：2004级

答辩时间：2007年

论文题目：信号控制环形交叉口时空优化方法研究

中文摘要

摘 要

传统无信号控制环形交叉口自身的特性决定了其只能适应于流量较小的交叉口，当交叉口流量增加时，无信号控制环形交叉口往往成为城市交通拥阻的主要发生地之一，大量环形交叉口面临改造问题。

90年代末期，国内学者提出了环形交叉口左转二次信号控制的思想，并在一些城市付诸实施，实践证明，此方法能够使环形交叉口适应较大的流量状况。但环形交叉口进行信号控制在实践中应用时间较短，相应的理论研究较为缺乏。

论文主要针对信号控制环形交叉口的交通空间设计、信号控制优化设计以及时空参数对交通效益的影响等方面进行系统的研究。

首先，论文依据交通工程学、几何学以及相关汽车行驶理论，对信号控制环形交叉口在空间上如何设计及优化提出了方法，包括机动车交通和慢行交通空间的设计，随后提出非常规环形交叉口的几种空间布局设计方法，并分析了其适用性及优缺点。

其次，论文依据交通信号控制理论与最优化方法，提出了几种环形交叉口机动车交通以及慢行交通的控制方法，并对信号控制中的主要参数相位相序、绿灯时间、相位损失时间等如何进行优化展开了研究。

然后，论文运用数值计算和实验交通工程学的方法，对影响信号控制环形交叉口交通效益的关键因素进行了分析，并提出计算方法。 在此基础上，重点解析了在不同信号控制方法情况下，时空战略参数信号周期和中心岛半径对通行能力、车均延误、停车次数这三个交通效益参数的影响规律，并分析了各控制方法在各方面的适应性及适用情况。

最后，通过一个实例，应用了文中提出的空间设计以及信号控制方法，并进行了多方案的效益评价分析，得到论文所提出的时空优化方法的可行性及实用性。

论文较全面地研究了信号控制环形交叉口时空资源优化的方法，成果可以丰富信号控制环形交叉口的理论，可以为原有传统环形交叉口的改造提供技术与方法，同时也为实现城市道路交叉口计算机辅助设计系统提供一定的基础。

关键词：环形交叉口，交通控制，空间设计，优化，效益评价

英文摘要

Abstract

Now large amounts of roundabouts are facing the problem of reform. While traffic volume is increasing uncontrolled traditional roundabout can’t adapt to large traffic volume because of their characteristic. Uncontrolled roundabout often becomes one of the main congested areas in city.

In the end of nineties, domestic scholars have brought forward the thought of ‘left-turn with two stops roundabouts’, and then this thought has been carried out in a few cities. It is certificated that this method is able to apply to large traffic volume at roundabouts. But the signal controls on the roundabouts put in practice only for a little time. It is serious lack of relative theory up to now.

The thesis mainly makes research on space design for signalized roundabout, optimization of signal-control design, and impact of space-time parameter upon traffic benefit.

At first, based on the theory of traffic engineering, geometry and relevant automobile running, the thesis brings forward the method of optimization and design on signalized roundabout space, which includ space design of automobile traffic and pedestrian traffic. It brings forward several kinds of method in spatial distribution design of irregular roundabout, and then analyses the advantage, shortcoming and applicability.

Secondly, the thesis has judged by traffic signal control theory and optimization method. And, the optimization method to phase order, green time, phase lost time has carried out research.

And then, the thesis has applied numerical value to calculate the method with experiment traffic engineering, has carried out analysis on the key factor affecting signalized roundabout beneficial results, and has drawn reckoning. Thesis priority has been analytical under different signal control method condition, the space-time strategy parameter signal circle and the centre island radius check capacity, delay, parking this three parameters effect law.

Finally, the thesis passes an example, space design and signal control method having been applied. It has appraised and analysed each schemes beneficial result, feasibility and pragmatism testifying space-time optimizing method brought forward by thesis thereby.

Its achievement can enrich signalized roundabout theory, provide the technology and method for traditional roundabout reforming, and establish a few certain bases for intersection computer-aid design system.

Key Words：Roundabout, Signal Control, Space Design, Optimize, Evaluate

赵巍

入学时间：2004级

答辩时间：2007年

论文题目：城市道路平面交叉口主动安全设计研究

中文摘要

摘要

“交通设计”是近年来被重视的改善城市交通状况的方法与技术。但交通设计对安全的考虑仅局限在具体措施的应用等方面，缺乏系统全面的理论技术支撑，致使交通安全在交通设计中不能得到充分考虑。为提高城市道路交通安全水平，本文提出了“主动安全设计”，将主动安全设计作为交通设计的重要内容，丰富和完善了交通设计及交通安全设计的理论和技术。

本文在交通安全基本规律及特征分析的基础上，提出了主动安全设计概念，即在道路交通设计开始阶段就对最初的设计方案进行安全方面的考虑，并伴随着道路交通设计的全过程；建立了主动安全设计目标：即减少整个交叉口的冲突数量，降低整个交叉口的冲突严重程度，降低整个交叉口的冲突损害程度；构建了交叉口主动安全设计框架；将主动安全设计融入到交叉口交通设计中。

根据交叉口交通设计流程，将交叉口主动安全设计全过程相应的分为：方案设计、详细设计和设计评价三个阶段，体系化地提出了城市道路交叉口主动安全设计方法。

方案设计阶段，进行交叉口安全合理交叉形式的规划，确定合理安全的车道功能布置及弱势群体的过街方式；确定交叉口管制类型及基本控制方案。并引入理论冲突分析对设计方案进行实时的安全性能分析。

详细设计阶段，进行具体的细部安全设计。从空间有序化设计、信号控制参数设计、环境可见性设计、交通平静化设计、安全防护设计几个方面对交叉口详细设计进行指导。

最后提出基于事故及冲突观测的交通安全设计评价方法，为主动安全设计提供比选和反馈，最后得出安全且合理的交叉口设计方案。

关键词：主动安全设计；平面交叉口；理论冲突分析

英文摘要

ABSTRACT

Traffic design has been playing a more and more role in urban traffic improvements. However, in terms of traffic safety, traffic design lacks comprehensive consideration. Sometimes, traffic design increases efficiency even at the cost of traffic safety. In order to ameliorate the safety of urban roads and streets, this paper put forward Traffic Proactive Safety Design, which is taken in the traffic design theory.

Based on some basic traffic safety theories analysis, this paper established the theoretical concept , aims (less exposure, less risk, less consequence)and frame of traffic proactive safety design, which was then taken into account by traffic design.

The the systematic techniques for traffic proactive safety design at urban intersections were brought forward, which are disassemble.into three steps. Not only traffic safety design techniques for intersection form and operation planning, but also some important general traffic safety countermeasure(less confusion, predictable traffic environment, traffic calming) and techniques (traffic control, protection techniques) for intersections were explored in detail.

Finally, to evaluate traffic safety design the method based on accidents and conflicts analysis was put forward.

Key Words:Traffic Proactive Safety Design, Intersection, Conflict probability analysis