史春华
入学时间：2000年
答辩时间：2003年
论文题目：大城市先进的公共交通系统规划方法研究
中文摘要
摘 要
本文对大城市先进的公共交通系统（即APTS）规划方法开展研究。从分析先进的公共交通系统的基本内容、相关技术、具体应用以及目前的国际经验入手，论述先进的APTS规划对于改善大城市公共交通系统运行效率乃至提高城市交通系统整体效率都具有重要意义。通过确定APTS规划的目标、指导思想和原则，提出先进的公共交通系统规划基本过程和方法，并在此基础上对大城市开展APTS规划的具体内容、技术要点、技术路线以及规划流程的阶段成果分别加以论述。
在提出APTS规划方法基础上，本论文以讨论规划工作早期阶段对城市公共交通系统所需进行的前期调查和现状分析为基本出发点，研究大城市公共交通系统的使用情况、基本特点以及未来的发展方向，从而把APTS技术引入大城市公共交通领域，并结合与比较了APTS技术与传统交通工程技术在解决公交系统问题时的不同方法，由技术层面得到APTS系统对于改善城市公共交通质量、提高公交系统运行效率的初步效益。
通过对APTS框架体系的需求分析，确定APTS系统用户服务子系统，构筑APTS框架体系，包括逻辑结构和物理结构两大部分。在APTS框架体系指导下，本论文为我国大城市公交系统的智能化发展方向确定四个应用重点，即先进的公共交通系统信息采集与发布系统、先进的公共交通调度控制与运营管理、先进的公共交通优先管理以及先进的公共交通电子收费与即时客流统计。在对这四个重点应用系统进行综合全面的技术分析后，本文讨论在APTS规划实施过程中政策与措施、投融资等非技术支持问题。
最后本文对APTS系统实施方案的费用效益综合评估进行讨论，即综合考虑实施项目的货币费用、可能产生的货币效益以及可能产生的非货币效益。以上海市公共交通系统信息采集与发布系统建设为例，分析APTS实施方案的货币投资费用（首期建设费用、运营维护费用）、货币效益（公交出行时间节省效益等）和非货币效益（环境、社会效益），并特别对由公交车费和公交出行时间价值共同构成的广义公交出行费用节省效益评估方法展开讨论。
关键词：
大城市，先进的公共交通系统，APTS规划，用户服务，框架体系，效益费用分析
英文摘要
Abstract
This dissertation attempts to establish the Advanced Public Transit System Planning for Metropolis. With the comprehensive investigation on APTS methodologies, applications and experiences from other countries, it is indicated that using APTS planning will help improve public transit service level and the whole traffic efficiency. Then basic process and structure of this kind of planning is laid out, which includes guidelines, principles, detailed contents and technical criterions. Based on the analysis of metropolitan public transit needs assessment, the objective of APTS planning and APTS application visions are put forward.
According to needs analysis, a set of APTS user services is listed out and an integrated architecture including logical structure and physical data flow structure for APTS planning is given out as well. Then a short list of APTS sub-systems is determined, such as advanced public transit information collection and dissemination system, advanced public transit electronic fare management and passenger counting and advanced public transit priority management etc. In the last part of this thesis, a conceptual benefit cost analysis evaluation is discussed for practical implementation of APTS sub-system.
Keywords
Metropolis, Advanced public transit system, APTS plan, Service sub-system, APTS architecture, Benefit-cost analysi
王茜
入学时间：2000年
答辩时间：2003年
论文题目：城市交通信号控制系统特征参数研究
中文摘要
摘要
城市交通信号控制系统中，各种特征参数是系统建立及其理论研究的重要组成部分。在分析我国城市交通流特征的基础上，归纳、分析有代表性的控制系统特征参数，并将其模型化、系统化，对于开发我国自己的城市交通信号控制系统，加快城市交通管理现代化的进程均有着重要的理论与实践意义。本文正是在此背景下展开研究的。
本文首先回顾了国内外城市交通信号控制系统参数研究的现状与发展趋势。接着，对城市交通信号控制系统的理论基础及控制参数描述的基本原理进行了简要的概括，并总结分析了控制系统特征参数研究中的主要问题。然后，本文通过实地调查分析、数学建模等手段，对控制系统空间资源利用特征参数、交通流特征参数、时间资源利用特征参数、交通效益评价特征参数四大类特征参数的组成及确定方法进行了分析。在此基础上，根据信号控制方式的不同及实际交通管理工作的需要，本文探讨了四类特征参数的输入输出关系模型，从而分层次、系统化地实现了本文的研究目标。
最后，在总结全文研究内容的基础上，本文对主要的研究成果和创新点进行了总结，并对有待进一步解决的问题进行了简要分析。
关键词：城市交通信号控制系统；特征参数；定时控制；实时控制
英文摘要
Abstract
In the urban traffic signal control systems, different kinds of traffic control characteristic parameters are the main parts of the systems’ development and theoretical research. Based on the study of our cities’ traffic flow characteristics, summarizing, analyzing the traffic control characteristic parameters and finding the mathematics models for them will be very important to develop our country’s own urban traffic signal control systems. At the same time, the research on these traffic control characteristic parameters will make more progress in the practice of the urban traffic management.
At first, the thesis reviews the previous achievements and present development in the field of traffic control parameters. Then, it summaries the theoretical basis and the fundamental principles of the urban traffic signal control systems, which bring out the main problems that this thesis will contact with lately. After that, the thesis uses different ways such as field surveys, developing models and so on to analyze the methods of four main kinds of traffic control characteristic parameters, which include the space-utilizing characteristic parameters, the traffic flow characteristic parameters, the time-utilizing characteristic parameters and the traffic performance characteristic parameters. Following it, the thesis discusses the relationship of different characteristic parameters, and gives out the practical flowcharts according to the difference of traffic control strategies and the requirement of modern urban traffic management.
Finally, the thesis sums up the main achievements and puts forward some questions for further discuss in the future.
Key Words:Urban Traffic Signal Control Systems; Characteristic Parameters; Fixed-time Control; Active Control
王磊
入学时间：2000年
答辩时间：2003年
论文题目：城市公共交通换乘枢纽交通设计方法研究
中文摘要
摘要
解决城市交通问题的根本途径在于大力发展公共交通，建立城市综合交通网络体系。公共交通换乘枢纽是综合交通网络中各种交通方式的衔接点，乘客在此处换乘的安全性、舒适性和便捷性是提高公共交通竞争力和公交比重的关键性因素。然而对于公共交通枢纽设计相关技术标准和设计方法的研究进行得却很少，缺乏理论体系上的支撑。本文正是在此背景下展开研究。
本文首先对公共交通枢纽的交通特性和换乘需求进行分析，重点研究了乘客换乘流程、步行特征、设施资源及换乘信息需求。在此基础上，又分两个方面进行了换乘枢纽设计方法的研究：
⑴．换乘衔接空间设施的设计：研究了公共交通枢纽内部各种交通方式间的衔接模式及其适用条件，建立了公共汽、电车换乘枢纽加权平均步行时间最短模型和轨道交通枢纽局部位置优化布设模型；讨论了公共交通枢纽换乘设施资源及信息服务的设计方法。
⑵．换乘衔接时间设计：研究了提供公共交通信息的条件下，乘客换乘公共交通最短等待时间的确定。
在方案评价方面，建立了公共交通枢纽设计方案综合评价方法，提出了衔接换乘时间、信息服务条件下换乘便捷度、换乘舒适度、运能匹配度以及换乘步行安全度五个评价指标。
【关键词】公共交通枢纽 换乘模式 衔接设计 设施设计 信息服务
英文摘要
Abstract
The efficacious way to solve the urban traffic problem is to develop public transportation, and to set up urban synthesis transportation system. Public transportation hub is the connecting point of every kind of transportation mode in synthesis transportation system, and the important influence factor in enhancing advantages and attractability of public transportation is insuring safety, comfort and convenience while passengers are transferring. But the study on method of design mode for urban public transportation hub is very limited, and does not form a system. This is the background of the research.
The research discusses the traffic characteristic and transfer demand of urban public transportation hub, and deep study on transfer process, walking characteristic, establishments and information demand. And then deep research the design method of transfer stations from two aspects:
⑴．Design of space-establishments. The research discusses connecting models of every kind of transportation mode and those adaptability. This thesis builds up the minimizing passenger walking time model for bus transfer stops and the minimizing passenger walking distance model for Rail Transit Hubs. At the same time the research discusses the method of design on transfer establishments and information service.
⑵．Design of time-establishments. This thesis provides deadheading in minimum time of public transfer under the condition of traffic information.
In order to evaluate the efficiency of the design method above mentioned, The research builds up a synthesis evaluation method, and brings forward five evaluation parameters.
Key Words:Public Transportation Hub; Transfer Mode; Connecting Design; Design for Establishment; Information Service
王乐志
入学时间：2000年
答辩时间：2003年
论文题目：信号交叉口异常事件判断与交通控制专家系统研究
中文摘要
摘要
本文提出了用人工智能的方法解决交通异常事件的判断以及异常事件引发的拥挤问题，即提出了引进先进的知识工程技术为城市信号交叉口异常事件的检测、判断以及对异常事件引发的拥挤进行控制改善建立专家系统的思想。
本文首先介绍了人工智能、知识工程和专家系统的原理，为本文的系统设计提供了背景知识；为保持系统的完整性，对于系统中涉及的重要数据来源－交通异常事件检测算法，本文也进行了深入的研究，为更好的理解系统的工作原理埋下伏笔。
本文研究重点是从理论和实践两个角度对异常事件发生所导致的拥挤状态下的交叉口信号控制对策模型进行了探讨，并给出了模型的评价，为专家系统的控制改善设计提供了有力的支持。
最后，本文从系统的角度描述了专家系统的功能设计。本系统的独特之处在于它可以通过将不同数据进行融合导出知识、得到决策时刻可以提供给监控中心操作员决策推理过程以及通过设定不同数据源的优先级可以表达和解释不同类、不同可靠性和确信度的数据。本系统的研究为解决交通异常事件的判断与改善提供了理想的方法。
【关键词】
人工智能 知识工程 专家系统 交通异常事件
交通异常事件检测算法 最优化理论 数据融合
英文摘要
Abstract
To help the management of traffic abnormal events, the thesis studies an expert system for decision support to the Traffic Operation Center operator to judge the type of the abnormal event and then select a control plan using the advanced Knowledge engineering technology.
The theories of Artificial intelligence, Knowledge engineering and Expert system are firstly presented to give the whole study a background knowledge, then the Automatic Incident Detection algorithm is studied because it is one important input data in the whole expert system.
The emphasis is put on the study on the control strategy model after the occurrence of one abnormal event, and the verification of the model is also given on the last. This model gives strong support for the design of the expert system.
Finally, the detailed design of the expert system is presented. The uniqueness of the system lies in its ability to cooperate with the operator by handling different sources of input data and inferred knowledge, providing an explanation of its reasoning process, and presenting and interpreting different types of data with various levels of reliability and uncertainty. The thesis provides a perfect method to solve the problem of abnormal events judgment and congestion amelioration on signalized intersection.
【Keywords】
Artificial intelligence Knowledge engineering Expert system traffic abnormal event
Automatic Incident Detection algorithm Optimal control theory Data Fusion
林瑜
入学时间：2000年
答辩时间：2003年
论文题目：混合交通控制信号配时模型及其实用性研究
中文摘要
摘要
本文针对混合交通流条件下的交叉口信号控制配时模型进行研究。城市信号控制交叉口是城市主要道路之间或与次要道路相交的重要节点，具有各种交通流构成成分与构成形式复杂、流量大、交通拥挤、延误时间长、环境污染严重、交通事故多等特点。中国城市道路系统中，特有的混合交通流形态与道路格局形态使得国外的交通控制理论与方法并不能完全适用。因此，如何提高信号控制交叉口的交通效率与安全性，特别需要研究解决的办法。
混合交通流的可控性差是现有交通控制理论实用性不强的主要原因；而且，现有的交通信号配时模型，无论是从周期优化模型方面，还是对于相位相序的考虑，都存在许多不足之处，无法适应中国城市道路迅速增长的交通需求。
因此，本论文首先探讨了提高交通可控性的理论，提出了交通有序度的概念模型，并从空间优化设计和合理设置绿灯间隔时间两个角度指出了进行交通有序化设计的具体方法。在此基础上，本论文建立了混合交通信号控制配时模型的理论体系。本论文提出了信号周期优化的目标函数与约束条件，以及采用组合相位条件下的绿信比分配模型，并将两者结合后提出了控制信号配时参数确定流程。同时，本论文还探讨了公共汽车优先控制的理念与配时模型。最后，结合实际工程项目背景，应用本论文的研究成果取得了很好的效果，说明了本论文所提出的模型与方法的实用性。
本论文的研究成果可以作为解决信号控制交叉口交通问题的理论与方法，同时也为实现城市道路交叉口管理与控制的计算机辅助系统奠定了理论基础。
[关键词]混合交通流，交通有序度，交通有序化设计，交通控制，信号周期，组合相位，公共汽车优先控制信号
英文摘要
Abstract
The theory and methodology on traffic control in mixed traffic flow is proposed in this thesis. Signalized intersections, which usually join major urban streets, have many characteristics, such as complex geometrical form, high traffic flow, recurrent traffic congestion, intolerable delay, air pollution and traffic accident, etc. At the same time, traffic control theory in developed country is not always suit forChinabecause of mixed traffic flow. So, how to increase traffic efficiency and safety on these intersections is very difficult, and it needs special methodology to solve these problems.
Existing traffic control theories are not always effective because mixed traffic flow is not easy to control. And, those traffic control theories in existence still have some limitations to adapt to increasing traffic demand in urban streets inChina.
In this thesis, the theory to improve the effect of traffic control is discussed. The model of degree of traffic order is proposed, with the discussion on how to improve degree of traffic order through space design and setting suitable green interval time. In particular, a systematic methodology of setting parameters of traffic control signal is proposed. A non-linear planning program is used to calculate the optimal cycle. In addition, a model for split under overlapped phase condition is also proposed. At the same time, the thesis discusses the strategies and models of transit priority control. Finally, based on real project in Shanghai, the research result of the thesis is applied and is proved to be effective.
The research results of the thesis are useful in improving the traffic service level of signalized intersection, and it also contribute to the construction of a computer-aided design system for management and control of signalized intersections.
[key words]mixed traffic flow，the degree of traffic order，traffic design，traffic control，signal cycle，overlapped phase，transit priority signal
彭春露
入学时间：2000年
答辩时间：2003年
论文题目：异常事件下城市快速道路交通状态预测与分析
中文摘要
摘 要
本文针对城市快速道路几何特性及突发事故特征，对交通异常事件发生至事件排除交通恢复正常这一时段内事发路段的交通流变化规律进行了研究。异常事件发生后，事发点通行能力降低而成为交通瓶颈，上游到达交通流在初始阶段并未减少，于是事发点上游车辆形成排队。本文将排队车辆看成一个系统，输入该系统的为上游到达交通流，输出该系统的为瓶颈路段消散交通流。本文首先研究了事发前后事发点上游到达流以及下游消散流的变化规律，然后基于研究结果对排队系统状态变化规律进行了研究。在研究上游到达流变化规律时，运用移位Poisson分布对正常交通状况下上游到达分布进行了拟合，进而得到相应的车辆平均到达率；在异常事件发生后，本文运用效用函数对驾驶员路径选择行为进行量化，得出异常交通状况下上游交通流到达分布以及平均到达率。在研究下游交通流消散规律时，对影响瓶颈路段通行能力的诸多因素进行了分析，进而构造了计算瓶颈路段车头时距的回归函数，最后根据车头时距得出的事发点通行能力。在得出排队系统输入、输出流的变化规律后，在累计到离模型与交通波理论的基础之上，本文构造了I/O模型对排队车流交通状态变化进行了分析，得出车辆延误、行程时间、排队长度等反映交通状态变化的参数表达式。本文的研究成果为建立城市快速路紧急救援管理系统提供了理论基础，进而大大提高城市快速道路紧急救援管理策略的生成效率，减少异常事件对城市交通的负面影响。
关键词：交通异常事件、交通状态预测、上游到达流、通行能力、I/O模型
英文摘要
Abstract
The thesis studies time-varying traffic characteristics on the urban freeway during traffic incident. The incident causes the reduction of freeway capacity, but at the beginning of the incident, the arriving traffic flow does not change, so traffic queue forms upstream of the incident. It studies the time-varying characteristics of upstream arriving flow and downstream departing flow, then constructs I/O Model to analyze the changes of queue length, travel time, delay. Here Poisson distribution is chosen to describe the arrival distribution in the free flow, then the corresponding average arrival rate can be computed. During the incident the route choice behaviors of drivers would bring the change of the arrival rate upstream, so the utility function is used to quantify the route choice behaviors. According to that, the arrival distribution during incident and the corresponding average arrival rate can be computed. When analyzing of the bottleneck capacity, the factors effecting the bottleneck capacity are considered, then the change of capacity in the bottleneck can be computed with the linear regression function. Finally, on the basis of Cumulative Arrival and Departure Model and Traffic Flow Model, this paper constructs I/O Model to study the changes of delay, queue length, travel time etc.. My research contributes to the construction of the Advanced Freeway Traffic Emergency Management System.
Key Word: traffic incident, traffic estimation, arriving traffic flow, capacity, I/O Model
孙明正
入学时间：2000年
答辩时间：2003年
论文题目：信号控制交叉口自行车交通设计理论研究
中文摘要
摘要
自行车交通是我国大多数城市的主要交通方式之一。解决好自行车交通与机动车交通在城市道路交叉口的混行产生的问题，是我国城市交通状况改善的关键所在。而国内在关于自行车交通设计和控制管理方面，相关的研究比较少，因此缺乏理论上的依据和支撑。本文正是在此背景下展开研究。
本文首先回顾了国内外自行车交通研究的现状，明确研究的方向和重点。接着对我国城市自行车交通的发展状况进行了总结，并对我国城市混合交通存在的问题进行了深层次的探讨。随后，对信号控制交叉口自行车在间断流状态下的运行规律进行详细的研究和分析，建立了交叉口自行车排队模型、信号控制下的自行车交通流时速模型、时距模型、膨胀模型以及通行能力模型。并运用波动理论，建立信号控制条件下的自行车交通流起动与停车波动模型。这些模型的建立，为交叉口自行车通行空间的设计、混合交通流的信号控制理论的建立奠定了基础。
在自行车交通空间设计方面，总结出适合我国城市混合交通流特性的多种自行车交通设计方法，并对各种方法的适用性进行了分析。提出了自行车与行人一体化设计理念。通过对机动车与自行车在交叉口相位、相序的讨论，建立了信号控制交叉口自行车交通控制的相关理论。为了评价上面自行车交通设计的效果，从不同分析角度提出了三种自行车交通设计评价方法。
最后在自行车交通规划、设计和管理层面提出了几点个人见解。
关键词：信号控制交叉口；自行车；交通设计；交通控制；评价
英文摘要
Abstract
Bicycle is the main traffic mode in most of our cities. It is the key of improving urban traffic conditions to solve the problems coming with the mixed traffic flow of vehicles and bicycles at intersections. But by far there is little research on the traffic design and control of bicycles in our country. This thesis is established based on this background.
The research status of bicycles in the world is reviewed firstly to confirm the orientation and emphases of this thesis. Then, the conditions of bicycles progressed in our cities is described firstly. The deep discuss of the problems deriving from the mixed traffic flow is made consequently., Some models of bicycle flow are built after the fundamental rules of bicycles’ gap flow being researched and analyzed at signalized intersections, such as the queue model, time-speed model, time-distance model, expand model, capacity model. Using the wave theory, this thesis discusses the bicycle traffic flow and builds up the wave models of the startup and stop of bicycle traffic flow. All of the models built in this thesis are the bases of the traffic design at intersections.
In the aspect of the space design of bicycle traffic, this thesis sums up many types of traffic design techniques that suit to the characters of mixed traffic flow. And the adaptabilities of each method are analyzed. There is a very important idea that is put forward to deal with bicycle and pedestrian in the same space. Through discussing the phase and the sequence of the mixed traffic flow at signalized intersections, the theory of bicycle control at signalized intersection is built. In order to evaluate the efficiency of the traffic design above mentioned, three methods are used through different point of analysis.
At last, base on the research and experience, some personal views from the point of traffic plan, design and management are advanced.
Key Words:SignalizedIntersection; Bicycle; Traffic Design; Traffic Control; Evaluate
